Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S, et al. Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: Prevention and management of both diseases require interdisciplinary approaches and warrants future well-controlled longitudinal and interventional studies for evidence-based clinical guidelines. A mutual interventional approach is emerging with complex treatment interactions. Suggested mechanisms underlying the linkage are disruption of the homeostasis concerning bone remodeling, hormonal balance, and inflammation resolution. Both diseases could also be risk factors for each other and have a mutual impact that requires concomitant management. Multiple shared risk factors include age, genetics, hormonal change, smoking, as well as calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Most cross-sectional studies have confirmed the association of osteoporosis and periodontitis primarily on radiographic measurements and to a lesser degree on clinical parameters. Osteoporosis features systemic degenerative bone loss that leads to loss of skeletal cancellous microstructure and subsequent fracture, whereas periodontitis involves local inflammatory bone loss, following an infectious breach of the alveolar cortical bone, and it may result in tooth loss. Osteoporosis and periodontitis are both diseases characterized by bone resorption.
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